Method and device for transmitting wlan offloading availability indication

ABSTRACT

Provided are a method by which a terminal transmits a wireless local area network (WLAN) offloading availability indication in a wireless communication system, and a device for supporting the same. The terminal can determine whether traffic offloading to a WLAN is available and transmit, to a network, a WLAN offloading availability indication indicating whether the traffic offloading is available.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method of transmitting a wireless local area network (WLAN) offloading availability indication by a UE in the wireless communication system, and a device supporting the method.

Related Art

3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long Term Evolution) that is an advancement of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) is being introduced with 3GPP release 8. In 3GPP LTE, OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) is used for downlink, and SC-FDMA (single carrier-frequency division multiple access) is used for uplink. The 3GPP LTE adopts MIMO (multiple input multiple output) having maximum four antennas. Recently, a discussion of 3GPP LTE-A (LTE-Advanced) which is the evolution of the 3GPP LTE is in progress.

A wireless communication system may provide a service to a UE through a plurality of access networks. The UE may receive a service from a 3GPP access network such as a mobile wireless communication system. Further, the UE may receive the service from a non-3GPP access network such as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) or a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network).

Generally, the UE may establish connection with a 3GPP access network to receive the service. Meanwhile, when traffic overload is generated in a 3GPP access network, if traffic to be processed by the UE is processed by another access network, that is, the non-3GPP access network, the whole efficiency of the network may be improved. As described above, changeable process of the traffic through the 3GPP access network and/or the non-GPP access network refers to traffic steering so that the traffic is changeably processed through a 3GPP access network and/or a non-GPP access network.

For the traffic steering, a policy for interworking of the 3GPP access network and/or the non-GPP access network such as ANDSF (Access Network Discovery and Selection Functions) may be configured in the UE. The above policy is managed independently from an interworking policy configured by the network.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

If a UE does not have long term evolution (LTE) traffic which can be offloaded to a wireless local area network (WLAN), the UE may not be able to perform an LTE/WLAN aggregation configuration or LTE/WLAN interworking configuration received from a network. However, a base station does not know when the UE is able to perform the LTE/WLAN aggregation or the LTE/WLAN interworking. Therefore, the base station may continuously attempt to ask the UE about whether the LTE/WLAN aggregation or the LTE/WLAN interworking is available, or may continuously attempt to reconfigure the LTE/WLAN aggregation or the LTE/WLAN interworking. Accordingly, the UE may need to report to the base station whether traffic offloading to the WLAN is available or unavailable.

According to one embodiment, provided is a method of transmitting a WLAN offloading availability indication by a UE in a wireless communication system. The method may include: determining whether traffic offloading to a WLAN is available; and transmitting, to a network, the WLAN offloading availability indication indicating whether the traffic offloading is available.

If the UE has traffic that can be offloaded to the WLAN, the WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that the traffic offloading is available. The WLAN may be on. A user preference may allow to start the traffic offloading. An upper layer may indicate that the traffic offloading is available. The traffic offloading may be performed on the basis of LTE/WLAN aggregation or LTE/WLAN interworking.

If the UE does not have traffic that can be offloaded to the WLAN, the WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that the traffic offloading is unavailable. The method may further include transmitting, to the network, a reason why the traffic offloading is unavailable. If the WLAN is off, the WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that the traffic offloading is unavailable. If a user preference does not allow to start the traffic offloading, the WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that the traffic offloading is unavailable. If an upper layer indicates that the traffic offloading is unavailable, the WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that the traffic offloading is unavailable.

The WLAN offloading availability indication may be transmitted during an availability indication period. The availability indication period may be a period in which an availability indication timer runs. The availability indication period may be started after the UE receives a WLAN offloading availability request from the network. The availability indication period may be started after the UE transmits the WLAN offloading availability indication to the network. The WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that the traffic offloading is unavailable. The method may further include receiving, by the UE, a traffic offloading configuration from the network. The availability indication period may be started when the UE is unable to perform the traffic offloading. The method may further include receiving, by the UE, a traffic offloading configuration from the network. The availability indication period may be started when the UE is unable to perform the traffic offloading. The method may further include receiving, by the UE, a traffic offloading configuration from the network. The availability indication period may be started when a traffic offloading reject message is transmitted in response to the traffic offloading configuration.

According to another embodiment, provided is a UE for transmitting a WLAN offloading availability indication in a wireless communication system. The UE may include: a memory; a transceiver; and a processor operatively coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The processor may be configured for: determining whether traffic offloading to a WLAN is available; and transmitting, to a network, the WLAN offloading availability indication indicating whether the traffic offloading is available.

A base station may not transmit an unnecessary traffic offloading command.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows LTE system architecture.

FIG. 2 shows a control plane of a radio interface protocol of an LTE system.

FIG. 3 shows a user plane of a radio interface protocol of an LTE system.

FIG. 4 shows a procedure in which UE that is initially powered on experiences a cell selection process, registers it with a network, and then performs cell reselection if necessary.

FIG. 5 shows an RRC connection establishment procedure.

FIG. 6 shows an RRC connection reconfiguration procedure.

FIG. 7 shows an RRC connection re-establishment procedure.

FIG. 8 shows a conventional method of performing measurement.

FIG. 9 shows the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

FIG. 10 shows an example of an environment where a 3GPP access network and a WLAN access network coexist.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a legacy ANDSF with respect to an MAPCON.

FIG. 12 shows an example of an enhanced ANDSF with respect to the MAPCON.

FIG. 13 shows a procedure of transmitting a WLAN offloading availability indication by a UE according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a method of transmitting a WLAN offloading availability indication by a UE according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

The technology described below can be used in various wireless communication systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), etc. The CDMA can be implemented with a radio technology such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. The TDMA can be implemented with a radio technology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM)/general packet ratio service (GPRS)/enhanced data rate for GSM evolution (EDGE). The OFDMA can be implemented with a radio technology such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), etc. IEEE 802.16m is evolved from IEEE 802.16e, and provides backward compatibility with a system based on the IEEE 802.16e. The UTRA is a part of a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is a part of an evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using the E-UTRA. The 3GPP LTE uses the OFDMA in a downlink and uses the SC-FDMA in an uplink. LTE-advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of the LTE.

For clarity, the following description will focus on LTE-A. However, technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto.

FIG. 1 shows LTE system architecture. The communication network is widely deployed to provide a variety of communication services such as voice over internet protocol (VoIP) through IMS and packet data.

Referring to FIG. 1, the LTE system architecture includes one or more user equipment (UE; 10), an evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN) and an evolved packet core (EPC). The UE 10 refers to a communication equipment carried by a user. The UE 10 may be fixed or mobile, and may be referred to as another terminology, such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a wireless device, etc.

The E-UTRAN includes one or more evolved node-B (eNB) 20, and a plurality of UEs may be located in one cell. The eNB 20 provides an end point of a control plane and a user plane to the UE 10. The eNB 20 is generally a fixed station that communicates with the UE 10 and may be referred to as another terminology, such as a base station (BS), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc. One eNB 20 may be deployed per cell. There are one or more cells within the coverage of the eNB 20. A single cell is configured to have one of bandwidths selected from 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 MHz, etc., and provides downlink or uplink transmission services to several UEs. In this case, different cells can be configured to provide different bandwidths.

Hereinafter, a downlink (DL) denotes communication from the eNB 20 to the UE 10, and an uplink (UL) denotes communication from the UE 10 to the eNB 20. In the DL, a transmitter may be a part of the eNB 20, and a receiver may be a part of the UE 10. In the UL, the transmitter may be a part of the UE 10, and the receiver may be a part of the eNB 20.

The EPC includes a mobility management entity (MME) which is in charge of control plane functions, and a system architecture evolution (SAE) gateway (S-GW) which is in charge of user plane functions. The MME/S-GW 30 may be positioned at the end of the network and connected to an external network. The MME has UE access information or UE capability information, and such information may be primarily used in UE mobility management. The S-GW is a gateway of which an endpoint is an E-UTRAN. The MME/S-GW 30 provides an end point of a session and mobility management function for the UE 10. The EPC may further include a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PDN-GW). The PDN-GW is a gateway of which an endpoint is a PDN.

The MME provides various functions including non-access stratum (NAS) signaling to eNBs 20, NAS signaling security, access stratum (AS) security control, Inter core network (CN) node signaling for mobility between 3GPP access networks, idle mode UE reachability (including control and execution of paging retransmission), tracking area list management (for UE in idle and active mode), P-GW and S-GW selection, MME selection for handovers with MME change, serving GPRS support node (SGSN) selection for handovers to 2G or 3G 3GPP access networks, roaming, authentication, bearer management functions including dedicated bearer establishment, support for public warning system (PWS) (which includes earthquake and tsunami warning system (ETWS) and commercial mobile alert system (CMAS)) message transmission. The S-GW host provides assorted functions including per-user based packet filtering (by e.g., deep packet inspection), lawful interception, UE Internet protocol (IP) address allocation, transport level packet marking in the DL, UL and DL service level charging, gating and rate enforcement, DL rate enforcement based on APN-AMBR. For clarity MME/S-GW 30 will be referred to herein simply as a “gateway,” but it is understood that this entity includes both the MME and S-GW.

Interfaces for transmitting user traffic or control traffic may be used. The UE 10 and the eNB 20 are connected by means of a Uu interface. The eNBs 20 are interconnected by means of an X2 interface. Neighboring eNBs may have a meshed network structure that has the X2 interface. The eNBs 20 are connected to the EPC by means of an S1 interface. The eNBs 20 are connected to the MME by means of an S1-MME interface, and are connected to the S-GW by means of S1-U interface. The S1 interface supports a many-to-many relation between the eNB 20 and the MME/S-GW.

The eNB 20 may perform functions of selection for gateway 30, routing toward the gateway 30 during a radio resource control (RRC) activation, scheduling and transmitting of paging messages, scheduling and transmitting of broadcast channel (BCH) information, dynamic allocation of resources to the UEs 10 in both UL and DL, configuration and provisioning of eNB measurements, radio bearer control, radio admission control (RAC), and connection mobility control in LTE_ACTIVE state. In the EPC, and as noted above, gateway 30 may perform functions of paging origination, LTE_IDLE state management, ciphering of the user plane, SAE bearer control, and ciphering and integrity protection of NAS signaling.

FIG. 2 shows a control plane of a radio interface protocol of an LTE system. FIG. 3 shows a user plane of a radio interface protocol of an LTE system.

Layers of a radio interface protocol between the UE and the E-UTRAN may be classified into a first layer (L1), a second layer (L2), and a third layer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in the communication system. The radio interface protocol between the UE and the E-UTRAN may be horizontally divided into a physical layer, a data link layer, and a network layer, and may be vertically divided into a control plane (C-plane) which is a protocol stack for control signal transmission and a user plane (U-plane) which is a protocol stack for data information transmission. The layers of the radio interface protocol exist in pairs at the UE and the E-UTRAN, and are in charge of data transmission of the Uu interface.

A physical (PHY) layer belongs to the L1. The PHY layer provides a higher layer with an information transfer service through a physical channel. The PHY layer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer, which is a higher layer of the PHY layer, through a transport channel. A physical channel is mapped to the transport channel. Data is transferred between the MAC layer and the PHY layer through the transport channel. Between different PHY layers, i.e., a PHY layer of a transmitter and a PHY layer of a receiver, data is transferred through the physical channel using radio resources. The physical channel is modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and utilizes time and frequency as a radio resource.

The PHY layer uses several physical control channels. A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) reports to a UE about resource allocation of a paging channel (PCH) and a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information related to the DL-SCH. The PDCCH may carry a UL grant for reporting to the UE about resource allocation of UL transmission. A physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) reports the number of OFDM symbols used for PDCCHs to the UE, and is transmitted in every subframe. A physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH) carries an HARQ acknowledgement (ACK)/non-acknowledgement (NACK) signal in response to UL transmission. A physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) carries UL control information such as HARQ ACK/NACK for DL transmission, scheduling request, and CQI. A physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) carries a UL-uplink shared channel (SCH).

A physical channel consists of a plurality of subframes in time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in frequency domain. One subframe consists of a plurality of symbols in the time domain. One subframe consists of a plurality of resource blocks (RBs). One RB consists of a plurality of symbols and a plurality of subcarriers. In addition, each subframe may use specific subcarriers of specific symbols of a corresponding subframe for a PDCCH. For example, a first symbol of the subframe may be used for the PDCCH. The PDCCH carries dynamic allocated resources, such as a physical resource block (PRB) and modulation and coding scheme (MCS). A transmission time interval (TTI) which is a unit time for data transmission may be equal to a length of one subframe. The length of one subframe may be 1 ms.

The transport channel is classified into a common transport channel and a dedicated transport channel according to whether the channel is shared or not. A DL transport channel for transmitting data from the network to the UE includes a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, a paging channel (PCH) for transmitting a paging message, a DL-SCH for transmitting user traffic or control signals, etc. The DL-SCH supports HARQ, dynamic link adaptation by varying the modulation, coding and transmit power, and both dynamic and semi-static resource allocation. The DL-SCH also may enable broadcast in the entire cell and the use of beamforming. The system information carries one or more system information blocks. All system information blocks may be transmitted with the same periodicity. Traffic or control signals of a multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) may be transmitted through the DL-SCH or a multicast channel (MCH).

A UL transport channel for transmitting data from the UE to the network includes a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting an initial control message, a UL-SCH for transmitting user traffic or control signals, etc. The UL-SCH supports HARQ and dynamic link adaptation by varying the transmit power and potentially modulation and coding. The UL-SCH also may enable the use of beamforming. The RACH is normally used for initial access to a cell.

A MAC layer belongs to the L2. The MAC layer provides services to a radio link control (RLC) layer, which is a higher layer of the MAC layer, via a logical channel. The MAC layer provides a function of mapping multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides a function of logical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. A MAC sublayer provides data transfer services on logical channels.

The logical channels are classified into control channels for transferring control plane information and traffic channels for transferring user plane information, according to a type of transmitted information. That is, a set of logical channel types is defined for different data transfer services offered by the MAC layer. The logical channels are located above the transport channel, and are mapped to the transport channels.

The control channels are used for transfer of control plane information only. The control channels provided by the MAC layer include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH) and a dedicated control channel (DCCH). The BCCH is a downlink channel for broadcasting system control information. The PCCH is a downlink channel that transfers paging information and is used when the network does not know the location cell of a UE. The CCCH is used by UEs having no RRC connection with the network. The MCCH is a point-to-multipoint downlink channel used for transmitting MBMS control information from the network to a UE. The DCCH is a point-to-point bi-directional channel used by UEs having an RRC connection that transmits dedicated control information between a UE and the network.

Traffic channels are used for the transfer of user plane information only. The traffic channels provided by the MAC layer include a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) and a multicast traffic channel (MTCH). The DTCH is a point-to-point channel, dedicated to one UE for the transfer of user information and can exist in both uplink and downlink. The MTCH is a point-to-multipoint downlink channel for transmitting traffic data from the network to the UE.

Uplink connections between logical channels and transport channels include the DCCH that can be mapped to the UL-SCH, the DTCH that can be mapped to the UL-SCH and the CCCH that can be mapped to the UL-SCH. Downlink connections between logical channels and transport channels include the BCCH that can be mapped to the BCH or DL-SCH, the PCCH that can be mapped to the PCH, the DCCH that can be mapped to the DL-SCH, and the DTCH that can be mapped to the DL-SCH, the MCCH that can be mapped to the MCH, and the MTCH that can be mapped to the MCH.

An RLC layer belongs to the L2. The RLC layer provides a function of adjusting a size of data, so as to be suitable for a lower layer to transmit the data, by concatenating and segmenting the data received from an upper layer in a radio section. In addition, to ensure a variety of quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three operation modes, i.e., a transparent mode (TM), an unacknowledged mode (UM), and an acknowledged mode (AM). The AM RLC provides a retransmission function through an automatic repeat request (ARQ) for reliable data transmission. Meanwhile, a function of the RLC layer may be implemented with a functional block inside the MAC layer. In this case, the RLC layer may not exist.

A packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer belongs to the L2. The PDCP layer provides a function of header compression function that reduces unnecessary control information such that data being transmitted by employing IP packets, such as IPv4 or IPv6, can be efficiently transmitted over a radio interface that has a relatively small bandwidth. The header compression increases transmission efficiency in the radio section by transmitting only necessary information in a header of the data. In addition, the PDCP layer provides a function of security. The function of security includes ciphering which prevents inspection of third parties, and integrity protection which prevents data manipulation of third parties.

A radio resource control (RRC) layer belongs to the L3. The RLC layer is located at the lowest portion of the L3, and is only defined in the control plane. The RRC layer takes a role of controlling a radio resource between the UE and the network. For this, the UE and the network exchange an RRC message through the RRC layer. The RRC layer controls logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of RBs. An RB is a logical path provided by the L1 and L2 for data delivery between the UE and the network. That is, the RB signifies a service provided the L2 for data transmission between the UE and E-UTRAN. The configuration of the RB implies a process for specifying a radio protocol layer and channel properties to provide a particular service and for determining respective detailed parameters and operations. The RB is classified into two types, i.e., a signaling RB (SRB) and a data RB (DRB). The SRB is used as a path for transmitting an RRC message in the control plane. The DRB is used as a path for transmitting user data in the user plane.

A Non-Access Stratum (NAS) layer placed over the RRC layer performs functions, such as session management and mobility management.

Referring to FIG. 2, the RLC and MAC layers (terminated in the eNB on the network side) may perform functions such as scheduling, automatic repeat request (ARQ), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). The RRC layer (terminated in the eNB on the network side) may perform functions such as broadcasting, paging, RRC connection management, RB control, mobility functions, and UE measurement reporting and controlling. The NAS control protocol (terminated in the MME of gateway on the network side) may perform functions such as a SAE bearer management, authentication, LTE_IDLE mobility handling, paging origination in LTE_IDLE, and security control for the signaling between the gateway and UE.

Referring to FIG. 3, the RLC and MAC layers (terminated in the eNB on the network side) may perform the same functions for the control plane. The PDCP layer (terminated in the eNB on the network side) may perform the user plane functions such as header compression, integrity protection, and ciphering.

Hereinafter, An RRC state of a UE and RRC connection procedure are described.

An RRC state indicates whether an RRC layer of the UE is logically connected to an RRC layer of the E-UTRAN. The RRC state may be divided into two different states such as an RRC connected state and an RRC idle state. When an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in RRC_CONNECTED, and otherwise the UE is in RRC_IDLE. Since the UE in RRC_CONNECTED has the RRC connection established with the E-UTRAN, the E-UTRAN may recognize the existence of the UE in RRC_CONNECTED and may effectively control the UE. Meanwhile, the UE in RRC_IDLE may not be recognized by the E-UTRAN, and a CN manages the UE in unit of a TA which is a larger area than a cell. That is, only the existence of the UE in RRC_IDLE is recognized in unit of a large area, and the UE must transition to RRC_CONNECTED to receive a typical mobile communication service such as voice or data communication.

In RRC_IDLE state, the UE may receive broadcasts of system information and paging information while the UE specifies a discontinuous reception (DRX) configured by NAS, and the UE has been allocated an identification (ID) which uniquely identifies the UE in a tracking area and may perform public land mobile network (PLMN) selection and cell re-selection. Also, in RRC_IDLE state, no RRC context is stored in the eNB.

In RRC_CONNECTED state, the UE has an E-UTRAN RRC connection and a context in the E-UTRAN, such that transmitting and/or receiving data to/from the eNB becomes possible. Also, the UE can report channel quality information and feedback information to the eNB. In RRC_CONNECTED state, the E-UTRAN knows the cell to which the UE belongs. Therefore, the network can transmit and/or receive data to/from UE, the network can control mobility (handover and inter-radio access technologies (RAT) cell change order to GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN) with network assisted cell change (NACC)) of the UE, and the network can perform cell measurements for a neighboring cell.

In RRC_IDLE state, the UE specifies the paging DRX cycle. Specifically, the UE monitors a paging signal at a specific paging occasion of every UE specific paging DRX cycle. The paging occasion is a time interval during which a paging signal is transmitted. The UE has its own paging occasion.

A paging message is transmitted over all cells belonging to the same tracking area. If the UE moves from one TA to another TA, the UE will send a tracking area update (TAU) message to the network to update its location.

When the user initially powers on the UE, the UE first searches for a proper cell and then remains in RRC_IDLE in the cell. When there is a need to establish an RRC connection, the UE which remains in RRC_IDLE establishes the RRC connection with the RRC of the E-UTRAN through an RRC connection procedure and then may transition to RRC_CONNECTED. The UE which remains in RRC_IDLE may need to establish the RRC connection with the E-UTRAN when uplink data transmission is necessary due to a user's call attempt or the like or when there is a need to transmit a response message upon receiving a paging message from the E-UTRAN.

To manage mobility of the UE in the NAS layer, two states are defined, i.e., an EPS mobility management-REGISTERED (EMM-REGISTERED) state and an EMM-DEREGISTERED state. These two states apply to the UE and the MME. Initially, the UE is in the EMM-DEREGISTERED state. To access a network, the UE performs a process of registering to the network through an initial attach procedure. If the attach procedure is successfully performed, the UE and the MME enter the EMM-REGISTERED state.

To manage a signaling connection between the UE and the EPC, two states are defined, i.e., an EPS connection management (ECM)-IDLE state and an ECM-CONNECTED state. These two states apply to the UE and the MME. When the UE in the ECM-IDLE state establishes an RRC connection with the E-UTRAN, the UE enters the ECM-CONNECTED state. When the MME in the ECM-IDLE state establishes an S1 connection with the E-UTRAN, the MME enters the ECM-CONNECTED state. When the UE is in the ECM-IDLE state, the E-UTRAN does not have context information of the UE. Therefore, the UE in the ECM-IDLE state performs a UE-based mobility related procedure such as cell selection or reselection without having to receive a command of the network. On the other hand, when the UE is in the ECM-CONNECTED state, mobility of the UE is managed by the command of the network. If a location of the UE in the ECM-IDLE state becomes different from a location known to the network, the UE reports the location of the UE to the network through a tracking area update procedure.

FIG. 4 shows a procedure in which UE that is initially powered on experiences a cell selection process, registers it with a network, and then performs cell reselection if necessary.

Referring to FIG. 4, the UE selects Radio Access Technology (RAT) in which the UE communicates with a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), that is, a network from which the UE is provided with service (S410). Information about the PLMN and the RAT may be selected by the user of the UE, and the information stored in a Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) may be used.

The UE selects a cell that has the greatest value and that belongs to cells having measured BS and signal intensity or quality greater than a specific value (cell selection) (S420). In this case, the UE that is powered off performs cell selection, which may be called initial cell selection. A cell selection procedure is described later in detail. After the cell selection, the UE receives system information periodically by the BS. The specific value refers to a value that is defined in a system in order for the quality of a physical signal in data transmission/reception to be guaranteed. Accordingly, the specific value may differ depending on applied RAT.

If network registration is necessary, the UE performs a network registration procedure (S430). The UE registers its information (e.g., an IMSI) with the network in order to receive service (e.g., paging) from the network. The UE does not register it with a network whenever it selects a cell, but registers it with a network when information about the network (e.g., a Tracking Area Identity (TAI)) included in system information is different from information about the network that is known to the UE.

The UE performs cell reselection based on a service environment provided by the cell or the environment of the UE (S440). If the value of the intensity or quality of a signal measured based on a BS from which the UE is provided with service is lower than that measured based on a BS of a neighboring cell, the UE selects a cell that belongs to other cells and that provides better signal characteristics than the cell of the BS that is accessed by the UE. This process is called cell reselection differently from the initial cell selection of the No. 2 process. In this case, temporal restriction conditions are placed in order for a cell to be frequently reselected in response to a change of signal characteristic. A cell reselection procedure is described later in detail.

FIG. 5 shows an RRC connection establishment procedure.

The UE sends an RRC connection request message that requests RRC connection to a network (S510). The network sends an RRC connection establishment message as a response to the RRC connection request (S520). After receiving the RRC connection establishment message, the UE enters RRC connected mode.

The UE sends an RRC connection establishment complete message used to check the successful completion of the RRC connection to the network (S530).

FIG. 6 shows an RRC connection reconfiguration procedure.

An RRC connection reconfiguration is used to modify RRC connection. This is used to establish/modify/release RB s, perform handover, and set up/modify/release measurements.

A network sends an RRC connection reconfiguration message for modifying RRC connection to UE (S610). As a response to the RRC connection reconfiguration message, the UE sends an RRC connection reconfiguration complete message used to check the successful completion of the RRC connection reconfiguration to the network (S620).

The following is a detailed description of a procedure of selecting a cell by a UE.

When power is turned-on or the UE is located in a cell, the UE performs procedures for receiving a service by selecting/reselecting a suitable quality cell.

A UE in an RRC idle state should prepare to receive a service through the cell by always selecting a suitable quality cell. For example, a UE where power is turned-on just before should select the suitable quality cell to be registered in a network. If the UE in an RRC connection state enters in an RRC idle state, the UE should selects a cell for stay in the RRC idle state. In this way, a procedure of selecting a cell satisfying a certain condition by the UE in order to be in a service idle state such as the RRC idle state refers to cell selection. Since the cell selection is performed in a state that a cell in the RRC idle state is not currently determined, it is important to select the cell as rapid as possible. Accordingly, if the cell provides a wireless signal quality of a predetermined level or greater, although the cell does not provide the best wireless signal quality, the cell may be selected during a cell selection procedure of the UE.

Hereinafter, a method and a procedure of selecting a cell by a UE in a 3GPP LTE is described.

A cell selection process is basically divided into two types.

The first is an initial cell selection process. In this process, UE does not have preliminary information about a wireless channel. Accordingly, the UE searches for all wireless channels in order to find out a proper cell. The UE searches for the strongest cell in each channel. Thereafter, if the UE has only to search for a suitable cell that satisfies a cell selection criterion, the UE selects the corresponding cell.

Next, the UE may select the cell using stored information or using information broadcasted by the cell. Accordingly, cell selection may be fast compared to an initial cell selection process. If the UE has only to search for a cell that satisfies the cell selection criterion, the UE selects the corresponding cell. If a suitable cell that satisfies the cell selection criterion is not retrieved though such a process, the UE performs an initial cell selection process.

After the UE selects a specific cell through the cell selection process, the intensity or quality of a signal between the UE and a BS may be changed due to a change in the mobility or wireless environment of the UE. Accordingly, if the quality of the selected cell is deteriorated, the UE may select another cell that provides better quality. If a cell is reselected as described above, the UE selects a cell that provides better signal quality than the currently selected cell. Such a process is called cell reselection. In general, a basic object of the cell reselection process is to select a cell that provides UE with the best quality from a viewpoint of the quality of a radio signal.

In addition to the viewpoint of the quality of a radio signal, a network may determine priority corresponding to each frequency, and may inform the UE of the determined priorities. The UE that has received the priorities preferentially takes into consideration the priorities in a cell reselection process compared to a radio signal quality criterion.

As described above, there is a method of selecting or reselecting a cell according to the signal characteristics of a wireless environment. In selecting a cell for reselection when a cell is reselected, the following cell reselection methods may be present according to the RAT and frequency characteristics of the cell.

-   -   Intra-frequency cell reselection: UE reselects a cell having the         same center frequency as that of RAT, such as a cell on which         the UE camps on.     -   Inter-frequency cell reselection: UE reselects a cell having a         different center frequency from that of RAT, such as a cell on         which the UE camps on     -   Inter-RAT cell reselection: UE reselects a cell that uses RAT         different from RAT on which the UE camps

The principle of a cell reselection process is as follows.

First, UE measures the quality of a serving cell and neighbor cells for cell reselection.

Second, cell reselection is performed based on a cell reselection criterion. The cell reselection criterion has the following characteristics in relation to the measurements of a serving cell and neighbor cells.

Intra-frequency cell reselection is basically based on ranking. Ranking is a task for defining a criterion value for evaluating cell reselection and numbering cells using criterion values according to the size of the criterion values. A cell having the best criterion is commonly called the best-ranked cell. The cell criterion value is based on the value of a corresponding cell measured by UE, and may be a value to which a frequency offset or cell offset has been applied, if necessary.

Inter-frequency cell reselection is based on frequency priority provided by a network. UE attempts to camp on a frequency having the highest frequency priority. A network may provide frequency priority that will be applied by UEs within a cell in common through broadcasting signaling, or may provide frequency-specific priority to each UE through UE-dedicated signaling. A cell reselection priority provided through broadcast signaling may refer to a common priority. A cell reselection priority for each UE set by a network may refer to a dedicated priority. If receiving the dedicated priority, the UE may receive a valid time associated with the dedicated priority together. If receiving the dedicated priority, the UE starts a validity timer set as the received valid time together therewith. While the valid timer is operated, the UE applies the dedicated priority in the RRC idle mode. If the valid timer is expired, the UE discards the dedicated priority and again applies the common priority.

For the inter-frequency cell reselection, a network may provide UE with a parameter (e.g., a frequency-specific offset) used in cell reselection for each frequency.

For the intra-frequency cell reselection or the inter-frequency cell reselection, a network may provide UE with a Neighboring Cell List (NCL) used in cell reselection. The NCL includes a cell-specific parameter (e.g., a cell-specific offset) used in cell reselection.

For the intra-frequency or inter-frequency cell reselection, a network may provide UE with a cell reselection black list used in cell reselection. The UE does not perform cell reselection on a cell included in the black list.

Ranking performed in a cell reselection evaluation process is described below.

A ranking criterion used to apply priority to a cell is defined as in Equation 1.

R _(S) =Q _(meas,s) +Q _(hyst) ,R _(n) =Q _(meas,n) −Q _(offset)=  [Equation 1]

In this case, Rs is the ranking criterion of a serving cell, Rn is the ranking criterion of a neighbor cell, Qmeas,s is the quality value of the serving cell measured by UE, Qmeas,n is the quality value of the neighbor cell measured by UE, Qhyst is the hysteresis value for ranking, and Qoffset is an offset between the two cells.

In Intra-frequency, if UE receives an offset “Qoffsets,n” between a serving cell and a neighbor cell, Qoffset=Qoffsets,n. If UE does not Qoffsets,n, Qoffset=0.

In Inter-frequency, if UE receives an offset “Qoffsets,n” for a corresponding cell, Qoffset=Qoffsets,n+Qfrequency. If UE does not receive “Qoffsets,n”, Qoffset=Qfrequency.

If the ranking criterion Rs of a serving cell and the ranking criterion Rn of a neighbor cell are changed in a similar state, ranking priority is frequency changed as a result of the change, and UE may alternately reselect the twos. Qhyst is a parameter that gives hysteresis to cell reselection so that UE is prevented from to alternately reselecting two cells.

UE measures RS of a serving cell and Rn of a neighbor cell according to the above equation, considers a cell having the greatest ranking criterion value to be the best-ranked cell, and reselects the cell. If a reselected cell is not a suitable cell, UE excludes a corresponding frequency or a corresponding cell from the subject of cell reselection.

FIG. 7 shows an RRC connection re-establishment procedure.

Referring to FIG. 7, UE stops using all the radio bearers that have been configured other than a Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) #0, and initializes a variety of kinds of sublayers of an Access Stratum (AS) (S710). Furthermore, the UE configures each sublayer and the PHY layer as a default configuration. In this procedure, the UE maintains the RRC connection state.

The UE performs a cell selection procedure for performing an RRC connection reconfiguration procedure (S720). The cell selection procedure of the RRC connection re-establishment procedure may be performed in the same manner as the cell selection procedure that is performed by the UE in the RRC idle state, although the UE maintains the RRC connection state.

After performing the cell selection procedure, the UE determines whether or not a corresponding cell is a suitable cell by checking the system information of the corresponding cell (S730). If the selected cell is determined to be a suitable E-UTRAN cell, the UE sends an RRC connection re-establishment request message to the corresponding cell (S740).

Meanwhile, if the selected cell is determined to be a cell that uses RAT different from that of the E-UTRAN through the cell selection procedure for performing the RRC connection re-establishment procedure, the UE stops the RRC connection re-establishment procedure and enters the RRC idle state (S750).

The UE may be implemented to finish checking whether the selected cell is a suitable cell through the cell selection procedure and the reception of the system information of the selected cell. To this end, the UE may drive a timer when the RRC connection re-establishment procedure is started. The timer may be stopped if it is determined that the UE has selected a suitable cell. If the timer expires, the UE may consider that the RRC connection re-establishment procedure has failed, and may enter the RRC idle state. Such a timer is hereinafter called an RLF timer. In LTE spec TS 36.331, a timer named “T311” may be used as an RLF timer. The UE may obtain the set value of the timer from the system information of the serving cell.

If an RRC connection re-establishment request message is received from the UE and the request is accepted, a cell sends an RRC connection re-establishment message to the UE.

The UE that has received the RRC connection re-establishment message from the cell reconfigures a PDCP sublayer and an RLC sublayer with an SRB1. Furthermore, the UE calculates various key values related to security setting, and reconfigures a PDCP sublayer responsible for security as the newly calculated security key values. Accordingly, the SRB 1 between the UE and the cell is open, and the UE and the cell may exchange RRC control messages. The UE completes the restart of the SRB1, and sends an RRC connection re-establishment complete message indicative of that the RRC connection re-establishment procedure has been completed to the cell (S760).

In contrast, if the RRC connection re-establishment request message is received from the UE and the request is not accepted, the cell sends an RRC connection re-establishment reject message to the UE.

If the RRC connection re-establishment procedure is successfully performed, the cell and the UE perform an RRC connection reconfiguration procedure. Accordingly, the UE recovers the state prior to the execution of the RRC connection re-establishment procedure, and the continuity of service is guaranteed to the upmost.

FIG. 8 shows a conventional method of performing measurement.

A UE receives measurement configuration information from a BS (S810). A message including the measurement configuration information is referred to as a measurement configuration message. The UE performs measurement based on the measurement configuration information (S820). If a measurement result satisfies a reporting condition included in the measurement configuration information, the UE reports the measurement result to the BS (S830). A message including the measurement result is referred to as a measurement report message.

The measurement configuration information may include the following information.

(1) Measurement object: The object is on which the UE performs the measurements. The measurement object includes at least one of an intra-frequency measurement object which is an object of intra-frequency measurement, an inter-frequency measurement object which is an object of inter-frequency measurement, and an inter-RAT measurement object which is an object of inter-RAT measurement. For example, the intra-frequency measurement object may indicate a neighboring cell having the same frequency as a frequency of a serving cell, the inter-frequency measurement object may indicate a neighboring cell having a different frequency from a frequency of the serving cell, and the inter-RAT measurement object may indicate a neighboring cell of a different RAT from an RAT of the serving cell.

(2) Reporting configuration: This includes a reporting criterion and a reporting format. The reporting criterion is used to trigger the UE to send a measurement report and can either be periodical or a single event description. The reporting format is a quantity that the UE includes in measurement reporting and associated information (e.g. number of cells to report).

(3) Measurement identify: Each measurement identity links one measurement object with one reporting configuration. By configuring multiple measurement identities, it is possible to link more than one measurement object to the same reporting configuration, as well as to link more than one reporting configuration to the same measurement object. The measurement identity is used as a reference number in measurement reporting. The measurement identify may be included in measurement reporting to indicate a specific measurement object for which the measurement result is obtained and a specific reporting condition according to which measurement reporting is triggered.

(4) Quantity configuration: One quantity configuration is configured per RAT type. The quantity configuration defines the measurement quantities and associated filtering used for all event evaluation and related reporting of that measurement type. One filter can be configured per measurement quantity.

(5) Measurement gaps: Measurement gaps are periods that the UE may use to perform measurements when downlink transmission and uplink transmission are not scheduled.

To perform a measurement procedure, the UE has a measurement object, a reporting configuration, and a measurement identity.

In 3GPP LTE, the BS can assign only one measurement object to the UE with respect to one frequency. Events for triggering measurement reporting are shown in the table 1. If the measurement result of the UE satisfies the determined event, the UE transmits a measurement report message to the BS.

TABLE 1 Event Reporting Condition Event A1 Serving becomes better than threshold Event A2 Serving becomes worse than threshold Event A3 Neighbour becomes offset better than PCell/PSCell Event A4 Neighbour becomes better than threshold Event A5 PCell/PSCell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour becomes better than threshold2 Event A6 Neighbour becomes offset better than SCell Event B1 Inter RAT neighbour becomes better than threshold Event B2 PCell becomes worse than threshold 1 and inter RAT neighbour becomes better than threshold2 Event C1 CSI-RS resource becomes better than threshold Event C2 CSI-RS resource becomes offset better than reference CSI-RS resource

The measurement report may include the measurement identity, a measured quality of the serving cell, and a measurement result of the neighbor cell. The measurement identity identifies a measurement object in which the measurement report is triggered. The measurement result of the neighbor cell may include a cell identity and a measurement quality of the neighbor cell. The measured quality may include at least one of reference signal received power (RSRP) and reference signal received quality (RSRQ).

FIG. 9 shows the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN). FIG. 9(a) shows the structure of an infrastructure network of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11. FIG. 9(b) shows an independent BSS.

Referring the FIG. 9(a), a WLAN system may include one or more basic service sets (BSSs) 900 and 905. The BSSs 900 and 905 are a set of an access point (AP) and a station (STA), such as an AP 925 and STA1 900-1, which are successfully synchronized to communicate with each other, and are not a concept indicating a specific region. The BSS 905 may include one AP 930 and one or more STAs 905-1 and 905-2 that may be connected to the AP 930.

An infrastructure BSS may include at least one STA, APs 925 and 930 providing a distribution service, and a distribution system (DS) 910 connecting a plurality of APs.

The distribution system 910 may configure an extended service set (ESS) 940 by connecting a plurality of BSSs 900 and 905. The ESS 940 may be used as a term indicating one network configured by connecting one or more APs 925 or 930 through the distribution system 910. APs included in one ESS 940 may have the same service set identification (SSID).

A portal 920 may serve as a bridge that connects the WLAN (IEEE 802.11) and another network (for example, 802.X).

In the infrastructure network illustrated in the FIG. 9(a), a network between the APs 925 and 930 and a network between the APs 925 and 930 and the STAs 900-1, 905-1, and 905-2 may be configured. However, it is possible to configure a network between STAs in the absence of the APs 925 and 930 to perform communication. A network configured between STAs in the absence of the APs 925 and 930 to perform communication is defined as an ad hoc network or independent basic service set (BSS).

Referring to FIG. 9(b), an independent BSS (IBSS) is a BSS that operates in an ad hoc mode. The IBSS includes no AP and thus has no centralized management entity that performs a management function at the center. That is, in the IBSS, STAs 950-1, 950-2, 950-3, 955-4, and 955-5 are managed in a distributed manner. In the IBSS, all STAs 950-1, 950-2, 950-3, 955-4, and 955-5 may be mobile STAs. Further, the STAs are not allowed to access the DS and thus establish a self-contained network.

An STA is a functional medium including medium access control (MAC) and a physical layer interface for a radio medium according to IEEE 802.11 specifications and may be used to broadly mean both an AP and a non-AP STA.

An STA may also be referred to as various names, such as a mobile terminal, a wireless device, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile subscriber unit, or simply a user.

Hereinafter, interworking between a 3GPP access network and other access network will be described.

A 3GPP introduces interworking with a non-3GPP access network (e.g. WLAN) from Rel-8 to find accessible access network, and regulates ANDSF (Access Network Discovery and Selection Functions) for selection. An ANDSF transfers accessible access network finding information (e.g. WLAN, WiMAX location information and the like), Inter-System Mobility Policies (ISMP) capable of reflecting policies of a business, and an Inter-System Routing Policy (ISRP). The UE may determine whether to transmit certain IP traffic through a certain access network. An ISMP may include a network selection rule with respect to selection of one active access network connection (e.g., WLAN or 3GPP) by the UE. An ISRP may include a network selection rule with respect to selection of at least one potential active access network connection (e.g., both of WLAN and 3GPP) by the UE. The ISRP includes Multiple Access PDN Connectivity (MAPCON), IP Flow Mobility (IFOM), and non-seamless WLAN offloading. For dynamic provision between the ANDSF and the UE, Open Mobile Alliance Device Management (OMA DM) or the like are used.

The MAPCON simultaneously configures and maintains a plurality of packet data networks (multiple PDN connectivity) through a 3GPP access network and a non-3GPP access network and regulates a technology capable of performing seamless traffic offloading in the whole active PDN connection unit. To this end, an ANDSF server provides APN (Access Point Name) information to perform offloading, inter-access network priority (routing rule), Time of Day to which offloading method is applied, and access network (Validity Area) information to be offloaded.

The IFOM supports mobility and seamless offloading of an IP flow unit of flexible subdivided unit as compared with the MAPCON. A technical characteristic of the IFOM allows a UE to access through different access network when the UE is connected to a packet data network using an access point name (APN). Mobility and a unit of offloading may be moved in a specific service IP traffic flow unit which is not a packet data network (PDN), the technical characteristic of the IFOM has flexibility of providing a service. To this end, an ANDSF server provides IP flow information to perform offloading, priority (routing rule) between access networks, Time of Day to which an offloading method is applied, and Validity Area where offloading is performed.

The non-seamless WLAN offloading refers to a technology which changes a certain path of a specific IP traffic to a WLAN and completely offloads traffic without passing through an EPC. Since the non-seamless WLAN offloading is not anchored in P-GW for supporting mobility, offloaded IP traffic may not continuously moved to a 3GPP access network. To this end, the ANDSF server provides information similar to information to be provided for performing an IFOM.

FIG. 10 shows an example of an environment where a 3GPP access network and a WLAN access network coexist.

Referring to FIG. 10, a cell 1 centering a base station 1 (1010) and a cell 2 centering a base station 2 (1020) are deployed as a 3GPP access network. Further, a Basic Service Set (BSS) 1 as the WLAN access network centering an Access Point (AP) 1 (1030) located in a cell 1 and a BSS2 centering AP2 (1040) and deployed. A BSS3 centering an AP3 (1050) located in a cell 2 is deployed. Coverage of the cell is shown with a solid line, and coverage of BSS is shown with a dotted line.

It is assumed that the UE 1000 is configured to perform communication through a 3GPP access network and a WLAN access network. In this case, the UE 1000 may refer to a station.

First, the UE 1000 may establish connection with a BS1 (1010) in a cell 1 to perform traffic through a 3GPP access network.

The UE 1000 may enters coverage of BSS1 while moving into coverage of cell 1. In this case, the UE 1000 may connect with a WLAN access network by performing association and authentication procedures with an AP1 (1030) of BSS1. Accordingly, the UE 1000 may process traffic through a 3GPP access network and a WLAN access network. Meanwhile, the UE 1000 moves and is separated from the coverage BSS1, connection with a WLAN access network may be terminated.

The UE 1000 continuously move into the coverage of cell 1 and move around a boundary between cell 1 and cell 2, and enters coverage of BSS2 to find BSS2 through scanning. In this case, the UE 1000 may connect with the WLAN access network by performing association and authentication procedures of AP2 (1040) of the BSS2. Meanwhile, since the UE 1000 in the coverage of the BSS2 is located at a boundary between the cell 1 and the cell 2, service quality through the 3GPP access network may not be excellent. In this case, the UE 1000 may operate to mainly process traffic through a WLAN access network.

When the UE 1000 moves and is separated from the coverage of the BSS2 and enters a center of the cell 2, the UE 1000 may terminate connection with the WLAN access network and may process traffic through a 3GPP access network based on the cell 2.

The UE 1000 may enter coverage of the BSS3 while moving into the coverage of cell 2 to find the BSS1 through scanning. In this case, the UE 1000 may connect with the WLAN access network by association and authentication procedures of an AP3 (1050) of the BSS3. Accordingly, the UE 1000 may process the traffic through the 3GPP access network and the WLAN access network.

As illustrated in an example of FIG. 10, in a wireless communication environment where a 3GPP access network and a non-3GPP access network coexist, the UE may adaptively process traffic through a 3GPP access network and/or a non-3GPP access network.

As policies for interworking between the 3GPP access network and a non-3GPP access network, the above ANDSF may be configured. If the ANDSF is configured, the UE may process traffic of the 3GPP access network through a non-3GPP access network or a 3GPP access network.

Meanwhile, interworking policies except for the ANDSF may be configured. In order to easily use the WLAN except for ANDSF in a current 3GPP network, interworking policies reflecting measurement parameters such as load and signal quality of the 3GPP access and/or the WLAN access network are defined. Hereinafter, the policy refers to an RAN policy. Further, a traffic steering rule according to an RAN policy refers to an RAN rule.

The RAN rule may be provided to the UE together with at least one RAN rule parameter for evaluating traffic steering according to the RAN rule. The RAN rule and the RAN rule parameter may be configured as follows.

1. The RAN rule may indicate whether traffic steering to a WLAN is allowed.

2. The RAN rule may indicate a traffic steering estimation condition being a condition allowed or required by traffic steering performing to the WLAN access network from the 3GPP access network. The condition according to the RAN rule may involve estimation of measurement results with respect to an LTE cell. Further, the condition according to the RAN rule may involve estimation of measurement results with respect to the WLAN. The estimation may be comparison of the measurement result with an RAN rule parameter (e.g., a measurement threshold value and the like) indicated in the traffic steering information. The following illustrates an example of a traffic steering estimation condition considered by the UE.

(1) Traffic steering condition to a WLAN access network

-   -   RSRP measurement value (measured_RSRP)<low RSRP threshold value         (Threshold_RSRP_low)     -   3GPP load measurement value (measured_3GPPLoad)>high 3GPP load         threshold value (Threshold_3GPPLoad_High)     -   WLAN load measurement value (measured_WLANLoad)<low WLAN load         threshold value (Threshold_WLANLoad_low)     -   WLAN signal strength measurement value         (measured_WLANsignal)>high WLAN signal strength threshold value         (Threshold_WLANsignal_high)

(2) Traffic steering condition to 3GPP access network

-   -   RSRP measurement value (measured_RSRP)>high RSRP threshold value         (Threshold_RSRP—high)     -   3GPP load measurement value (measured_3GPPLoad)<low 3GPP load         threshold value (Threshold_3GPPLoad_High)     -   WLAN load measurement value (measured_WLANLoad)>high WLAN load         threshold value (Threshold_WLANLoad_high)     -   WLAN signal strength measurement value (measured_WLANsignal)<low         WLAN signal strength threshold value (Threshold_WLANsignal_low)

Meanwhile, the estimation condition may be configured while the at least one condition is coupled with each other using and/or. For example, the traffic steering estimation condition implemented by coupling the at least one condition may be implemented as follows.

-   -   Traffic steering estimation condition for traffic steering to         WLAN: (measured_RSRP<Threshold_RSRP_low) and         (measured_WLANLoad<Threshold_WLANLoad_low) and         (measured_WLANsignal>Threshold_WLANsignal_high)     -   Traffic steering estimation condition for traffic steering to         3GPP: (measured_RSRP>Threshold_RSRP_low) or         (measured_WLANLoad>Threshold_WLANLoad_high) or         (measured_WLANsignal<Threshold_WLANsignal_low)

3. The RAN rule may indicate a condition where traffic steering performing to a 3GPP access network from the WLAN access network is allowed or required.

4. The RAN rule may indicate an object WLAN access network where performing the traffic steering from the 3GPP access network is allowed or required.

5. The RAN rule may indicate traffic in which routing is allowed to the WLAN access network. Alternatively, the RAN rule may indicate at least one traffic where routing to the WLAN access network is allowed, that is, which may be served by the 3GPP access network.

Meanwhile, the ANDSF configured in the UE may include a legacy ANDSF and/or an enhanced ANDSF.

The legacy ANDSF may be defined as an ANDSF which does not include ANDSF management object (MO) such as corresponding parameters defined in the RAN rule parameter. Unlike the legacy ANDSF, the enhanced ANDSF may be defined as an ANDSF including an ANDSF MO such as corresponding parameters defined in a RAN rule parameter.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a legacy ANDSF with respect to an MAPCON, and FIG. 12 shows an example of an enhanced ANDSF with respect to the MAPCON.

Referring to FIG. 11, the legacy ANDSF does not include an RAN rule parameter such as RSRP and a WLAN signal level as an ANDSF MO.

Meanwhile, referring to FIG. 12, the enhanced ANDSF may include RSRP, RSRQ, and an offload preference as the ANDSF MO. Further, the ANDSF may include a WLAN signal level (e.g. RSSI, RSCP), a WLAN load level, a WLAN backhaul data rate, and a WLAN backhaul load.

The enhanced ANDSF may specify the traffic steering evaluation condition associated with each ANDSF MO. The traffic steering evaluation condition specified by the enhanced ANDSF may be configured similar to the traffic steering evaluation condition associated with the configured RAN rule parameter configured by the RAN rule. A detailed description thereof will be omitted.

If a UE cannot perform an LTE/WLAN aggregation configuration or an LTE/WLAN interworking configuration, the UE may reject the LTE/WLAN aggregation configuration or the LTE/WLAN interworking configuration from a network. If the UE does not have traffic that can be offloaded, the UE may not be able to perform the LTE/WLAN aggregation configuration or the LTE/WLAN interworking configuration. Alternatively, if a user preference does not allow the LTE/WLAN aggregation or the LTE/WLAN interworking, the UE may not be able to perform the LTE/WLAN aggregation configuration or the LTE/WLAN interworking configuration.

However, a BS does not know when the UE is able to perform the LTE/WLAN aggregation or the LTE/WLAN interworking. Therefore, the BS may continuously attempt to ask the UE about whether the LTE/WLAN aggregation or the LTE/WLAN interworking is available. Alternatively, the BS may continuously attempt to reconfigure the LTE/WLAN aggregation or the LTE/WLAN interworking.

In order to solve the aforementioned problem, the UE may need to report to the network whether traffic offloading to the WLAN is available. Hereinafter, a method of transmitting a WLAN offloading availability indication by the UE and a device supporting the method will be described according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1. Indicate Whether Traffic Offloading to WLAN is Available

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a UE may report to a BS that traffic offloading to a WLAN is available. The traffic offloading may be any one of LTE/WLAN aggregation and LTE/WLANL interworking. It may be reported that the traffic offloading to the WLAN is available by transmitting a WLAN offloading availability indication to the BS. For example, the WLAN offloading indication indicating that the traffic offloading is available may be transmitted to the BS when a state where the traffic offloading is unavailable is changed to a state where the traffic offloading is available. The WLAN offloading availability indication may be transmitted to the BS when at least any one of the following conditions is satisfied.

Condition 1a: The UE may have traffic to be transmitted/received, and the traffic may be offloaded to the WLAN. Alternatively, the UE adjusts a part of traffic from LTE to WLAN.

Condition 1b: A WLAN module is on.

Condition 1c: A user preference allows to start LTE/WLAN aggregation or LTE/WLAN interworking. For example, the UE disconnects a combination of a WLAN AP preferred by a user.

Condition 1d: It is indicated that an upper layer is able to perform LTE/WLAN aggregation or LTE/WLAN interworking.

If all of the conditions 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d are satisfied and the UE can start the traffic offloading, the UE may report to the BS that the traffic offloading to the WLAN is available.

2. Indicate that Traffic Offloading to WLAN is Unavailable

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a UE may report to a BS that traffic offloading to a WLAN is unavailable. The traffic offloading may be any one of LTE/WLAN aggregation and LTE/WLANL interworking. It may be reported that the traffic offloading to the WLAN is unavailable by transmitting a WLAN offloading availability indication to the BS. The WLAN offloading availability indication may be transmitted to the BS when at least any one of the following conditions is satisfied.

Condition 2a: The UE does not have traffic that can be offloaded on LTE. For example, the UE does not have the traffic that can be offloaded on the LTE since the UE ends offloading of the traffic that can be offloaded or the UE adjusts a part of traffic from the LTE to the WLAN.

Condition 2b: A WLAN module is off.

Condition 2c: A user preference does not allow to start LTE/WLAN aggregation or LTE/WLAN interworking. For example, the UE combines a WLAN AP preferred by a user.

Condition 2d: It is indicated that an upper layer is unable to perform LTE/WLAN aggregation or LTE/WLAN interworking.

Additionally, the UE may report to the BS a reason why WLAN offloading is unavailable. For example, since the UE does not have traffic that can be offloaded, it may be reported to the BS that the LTE/WLAN aggregation or the LTE/WLAN interworking is unavailable. For example, since the WLAN module is off, the UE may report to the BS that the LTE/WLAN aggregation or the LTE/WLAN interworking is unavailable. For example, since a user preference does not allow to start the LTE/WLAN aggregation or the LTE/WLAN interworking, the UE may report to the BS that the LTE/WLAN aggregation or the LTE/WLAN interworking is unavailable.

As described above, the WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate whether the traffic offloading is available or unavailable.

3. Availability Indication Period

A UE may transmit a WLAN offloading availability indication within an availability indication period. Alternatively, the UE may transmit the WLAN offloading availability indication only within the availability indication period. The WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that traffic offloading is available. For example, if a state where the traffic offloading is unavailable is changed to a state where the traffic offloading is available within the availability indication period, the UE may transmit to a BS the WLAN offloading indication indicating that the traffic offloading is available.

(1) If any one of the following conditions is satisfied, the UE may consider to start the availability indication period. Alternatively, if any one of the following conditions is satisfied, the UE may start an availability indication timer. Alternatively, if any one of the following conditions is satisfied, the UE may start the availability indication timer by considering the start of the availability indication period.

Condition 3a: The UE receives a WLAN offloading availability request from a network. That is, the network requests the UE whether traffic offloading to the WLAN is available.

Condition 3b: The UE transmits to the network a WLAN offloading availability indication indicating that traffic offloading is unavailable in response to the WLAN offloading availability request.

Condition 3c: Although the UE has received from the network an LTE/WLAN aggregation command or an LTE/WLAN interworking command, the UE is unable to start the LTE/WLAN aggregation or the LTE/WLAN interworking since the condition 2a, 2b, 2c, or 2d is satisfied.

Condition 3d: The UE transmits to the network a reject message in response to the LTE/WLAN aggregation configuration or the LTE/WLAN interworking configuration.

Condition 3e: The UE is configured to perform a WLAN measurement from the network.

(2) The UE may consider to stop the availability indication period if any one of the following conditions is satisfied.

Condition 4a: The availability indication timer expires.

Condition 4b: The UE may receive from the network the LTE/WLAN aggregation configuration or the LTE/WLAN interworking configuration, and the UE may perform the LTE/WLAN aggregation configuration or the LTE/WLAN interworking configuration.

FIG. 13 shows a procedure of transmitting a WLAN offloading availability indication by a UE according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 13, the UE may receive a WLAN offloading availability request (S1310). The WLAN offloading availability request may instruct the UE to transmit to a network whether it is available to perform LTE/WLAN aggregation or LTE/WLAN interworking. Thereafter, the UE may start an availability indication timer.

The UE may transmit a WLAN offloading availability response (S1320). In the embodiment of FIG. 13, it is assumed that a user preference does not allow to start the LTE/WLAN aggregation or the LTE/WLAN interworking. Therefore, the WLAN offloading availability response may indicate that the traffic offloading is unavailable. Thereafter, the UE may start the availability indication timer. It is assumed that the user preference is changed to allow the start of the LTE/WLAN aggregation or the LTE/WLAN interworking after the availability indication time is stared. That is, it is assumed that traffic offloading is available.

The UE may transmit the WLAN offloading availability indication (S1330). The WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that the traffic offloading is available. However, the network may determine that the traffic offloading is not necessary. Therefore, the availability indication period may not be stopped. Thereafter, it is assumed that the UE ends specific traffic and does no long have traffic that can be offloaded. That is, again, it is assumed that the traffic offloading is unavailable.

The UE may transmit the WLAN offloading availability indication (S1340). The WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that the traffic offloading is unavailable. Thereafter, again, it is assumed that the UE starts specific traffic, and is able to offload it to the WLAN.

The UE may transmit the WLAN offloading availability indication (S1350). The WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that the traffic offloading is available.

The UE may receive from the network a traffic offloading configuration (S1360). The traffic offloading configuration may be an LTE/WLAN aggregation configuration or an LTE/WLAN interworking configuration. If the UE is able to perform the traffic offloading configuration, the UE may stop an available indication period. Alternatively, if the availability indication timer expires, the UE may stop the availability indication period.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a method of transmitting a WLAN offloading availability indication by a UE according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 14, the UE may determine whether traffic offloading to a WLAN is available (S1410).

The UE may transmit to a network the WLAN offloading availability indication indicating whether the traffic offloading is available (S1420).

If the UE has traffic that can be offloaded to the WLAN, the WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that the traffic offloading is available. The WLAN may be on. A user preference may allow to start the traffic offloading. An upper layer may indicate that the traffic offloading is available. The traffic offloading may be performed on the basis of LTE/WLAN aggregation or LTE/WLAN interworking.

If the UE does not have traffic that can be offloaded to the WLAN, the WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that the traffic offloading is unavailable. If the WLAN is off, the WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that the traffic offloading is unavailable. If the user preference does not allow to start the traffic offloading, the WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that the traffic offloading is unavailable. If the upper layer indicates that the traffic offloading is unavailable, the WLAN offloading availability indication may indicate that the traffic offloading is unavailable. The UE may transmit to the network a reason why the traffic offloading is unavailable.

The WLAN offloading availability indication may be transmitted during an availability indication period. The availability indication period may be a period in which an availability indication timer runs. The availability indication period may be started after the UE receives a WLAN offloading availability request from the network. The availability indication period may be started after the UE transmits to the network the WLAN offloading availability indication indicating that traffic offloading is unavailable. The availability indication period may be started when the UE receives the traffic offloading configuration from the network and is unable to perform the traffic offloading on the basis of the traffic offloading configuration. The availability indication period may be started when the UE receives the traffic offload configuration from the network and transmits a traffic offloading reject message in response to the traffic offloading configuration. The availability indication period may be ended when the UE receives from the network the traffic offloading configuration and is able to perform the traffic offloading on the basis of the traffic offloading configuration. The availability indication period may be started when the UE receives from the network a WLAN measurement configuration.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

A BS 1500 includes a processor 1501, a memory 1502 and a transceiver 1503. The memory 1502 is connected to the processor 1501, and stores various information for driving the processor 1501. The transceiver 1503 is connected to the processor 1501, and transmits and/or receives radio signals. The processor 1501 implements proposed functions, processes and/or methods. In the above embodiment, an operation of the base station may be implemented by the processor 1501.

A UE 1510 includes a processor 1511, a memory 1512 and a transceiver 1513. The memory 1512 is connected to the processor 1511, and stores various information for driving the processor 1511. The transceiver 1513 is connected to the processor 1511, and transmits and/or receives radio signals. The processor 1511 implements proposed functions, processes and/or methods. In the above embodiment, an operation of the UE may be implemented by the processor 1511.

The processor may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a separate chipset, a logic circuit, and/or a data processing unit. The memory may include a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium, and/or other equivalent storage devices. The transceiver may include a base-band circuit for processing a wireless signal. When the embodiment is implemented in software, the aforementioned methods can be implemented with a module (i.e., process, function, etc.) for performing the aforementioned functions. The module may be stored in the memory and may be performed by the processor. The memory may be located inside or outside the processor, and may be coupled to the processor by using various well-known means.

Various methods based on the present specification have been described by referring to drawings and reference numerals given in the drawings on the basis of the aforementioned examples. Although each method describes multiple steps or blocks in a specific order for convenience of explanation, the invention disclosed in the claims is not limited to the order of the steps or blocks, and each step or block can be implemented in a different order, or can be performed simultaneously with other steps or blocks. In addition, those ordinarily skilled in the art can know that the invention is not limited to each of the steps or blocks, and at least one different step can be added or deleted without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

The aforementioned embodiment includes various examples. It should be noted that those ordinarily skilled in the art know that all possible combinations of examples cannot be explained, and also know that various combinations can be derived from the technique of the present specification. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention should be determined by combining various examples described in the detailed explanation, without departing from the scope of the following claims. 

1. A method of transmitting a wireless local area network (WLAN) offloading availability indication by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: when the WLAN for the traffic offloading is unavailable, reporting an unavailability indication indicating unavailability of the WLAN, to a network;
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the availability indication is reported, when an upper layer indicates that the traffic offloading is available.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the available indication is reported, when the UE has traffic that can be offloaded to the WLAN and a user preference allows to start the traffic offloading.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the unavailability indication is reported, when an upper layer indicates that the traffic offloading is unavailable.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the unavailability indication is reported, when the UE does not have traffic that can be offloaded to the WLAN or a user preference does not allow to start the traffic offloading. 6-11. (canceled)
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the unavailability indication and the availability indication are transmitted during an availability indication period.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the availability indication period is a period in which an availability indication timer runs.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the availability indication period is started after the UE receives a WLAN offloading availability request from the network.
 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the availability indication period is started after the UE transmits the unavailability indication to the network.
 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising: receiving, by the UE, a traffic offloading configuration from the network.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the availability indication period is started when the UE is unable to perform the traffic offloading.
 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the availability indication period is started when a traffic offloading reject message is transmitted in response to the traffic offloading configuration.
 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the availability indication period is stopped when the UE is able to perform the traffic offloading.
 20. A user equipment (UE) for transmitting a wireless local area network (WLAN) offloading availability indication in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: a memory; a transceiver; and a processor operatively coupled to the memory and the transceiver, wherein the processor is configured for: when the WLAN for the traffic offloading is unavailable, reporting an unavailability indication indicating unavailability of the WLAN, to a network; after reporting the unavailability indication, and when the WLAN for the traffic offloading becomes available, reporting an availability indication indicating availability of the WLAN, to the network. 